All treatments for chronic kidney disease (CKD) need to be tailored to the individual patient.  The following recommendations are useful starting points for the majority of animals at each stage.  Serial monitoring of these patients is ideal and treatment should adapted according to the response to treatment.
 

Some of the suggested treatments are not authorised for use in dogs and/or cats and recommended dose rates are therefore empirical. It is the veterinarian’s duty to make a risk:benefit assessment for each patient prior to administering any treatment.
 

A 40 page booklet containing the full IRIS Treatment Recommendations is available in some countries from your Novartis Animal Health representative.